JSON MARKUP

Use Google Structured Data Testing tool to test this markup

Note : Semantic Markup has been restricted to first entities as you are not logged in.

<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type": "WebPage","@id":"#main","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage", "@id":"http://historydb.date"}, "headline":"World History","description":"From World History","about":[{"@type": "Organization","name": "Obstructive azoospermia"},{"@type": "Thing","name": "male infertility","sameAs": ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8441"]},{"@type": "MedicalCondition","name": "Congenital","sameAs": ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727096"]},{"@type": "Thing","name": "literature","sameAs": ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242"]},{"@type": "Thing","name": "children","sameAs": ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7569"]}],"author":{"@type":"Organization","url":"/","name":"/"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization", "name":"/", "url":"/", "logo": {"@type": "ImageObject", "url": "http://www.example.com", "width": 4, "height": 97}},"datePublished":"2025-05-10T06:44:33","dateModified":"2025-05-10T06:44:33"}</script>

MICRODATA

TEXT

World History

From World History

Jump to: navigation, search

Obstructive azoospermia<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
        <span itemprop="name">Obstructive azoospermia</span>
</span> (OA) is a rare cause of male infertility<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">male infertility</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" />
</span>, with Congenital<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalCondition">
        <span itemprop="name">Congenital</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder" />
</span> Bilateral Absence of The Vas Deferens (CBAVD) being a major cause. A wealth of literature<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">literature</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" />
</span> has established an irrefutable link between CFTR mutations and CBAVD, with CBAVD affecting almost all men with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease and a significant portion of men that are CFTR mutation carriers. In the past two decades, assisted reproductive technologies have made the prospect of fathering children<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">children</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child" />
</span> a viable possibility in this subset of men, using a combination of sperm extraction<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">sperm extraction</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm" />
</span> techniques and intracystoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). #link# In order to assess techniques for sperm retrieval, as well as reproductive outcomes, a systemic search of the MEDLINE database was conducted for all articles<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">articles</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(publishing)" />
</span> pertaining to management options for CBAVD, and also all reports<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">reports</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Report" />
</span> describing outcomes of these procedures in the CBAVD population. Both epididymal and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are viable options for men with CBAVD, and though rigorous data<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">data</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" />
</span> are lacking, live birth<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">birth</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth" />
</span> rates range from 8% to 50% in most small retrospective series and subset analyses. In addition, there does not appear to be significant differences in the rate of live birth or complications and miscarriages<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">miscarriages</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscarriage" />
</span> between the various techniques, though further investigation into other factors that limit reproductive potential of men with CFTR mutations and CBAVD is warranted.male factor infertility<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">infertility</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infertility" />
</span> accounts for approximately 50% of all infertility evaluations. A common cause of severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia is Y chromosome microdeletions (YCMs). Men with these genetic<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">genetic</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics" />
</span> microdeletions must typically undergo assisted reproductive technology<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalProcedure">
        <span itemprop="name">assisted reproductive technology</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" />
</span> (art<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">art</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" />
</span>) procedures to obtain paternity. In this review, we performed a thorough and extensive search of the literature to summarize the effects of YCMs on in vitro fertilization<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalCondition">
        <span itemprop="name">in vitro fertilization</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" />
</span> (IVF) outcomes, health<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">health</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health" />
</span> abnormalities in offspring and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The PubMed database was searched using specific search terms and papers<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">papers</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" />
</span> were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. sperm retrieval amongst men with complete AZFa and/or AZFb deletions is extremely rare and thus data on arts is largely unavailable. In AZFc-deleted men undergoing assisted reproduction, the collective fertilization rate (FR) is 59.8%, the clinical<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">clinical</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" />
</span> pregnancy<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">pregnancy</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy" />
</span> rate is 28.6% and the live birth rate is 23.4%. When successful, the YCM is always transmitted to the male offspring and the deletion size either remains unchanged or widens. YCMs generally result in decreased fertilization<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">fertilization</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation" />
</span>, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared to men with intact Y chromosomes during art interventions. There is a minimal or absent association of YCMs with abnormalities in the offspring or RPL.In this review of Y chromosome microdeletions, azoospermia factor (AZF) deletion subtypes, histological features and microTESE sperm retrieval rates are summarized after a systematic literature review. PubMed was searched and papers were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Approximately half of infertile couples have a male factor contributing to their infertility. One of the most common genetic etiologies are Y chromosome microdeletions. Men with Y chromosome microdeletions may have rare sperm available in the ejaculate or undergo surgical sperm retrieval and subsequent intracytoplasmic sperm injection to produce offspring. Azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia are the most common semen analysis<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">semen analysis</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis" />
</span> findings found in men with Y chromosome microdeletions, associated with impaired spermatogenesis<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">spermatogenesis</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesis" />
</span>. click here with complete deletions of azoospermia factor a, b, or a combination of any loci have severely impaired spermatogenesis and are nearly always azoospermic with no sperm retrievable from the testis<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">testis</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicle" />
</span>. Deletions of the azoospermia factor c or d often have sperm production and the highest likelihood of a successful sperm retrieval. In men with AZFc deletions, histologically, 46% of men demonstrate Sertoli cell only syndrome on biopsy<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalProcedure">
        <span itemprop="name">biopsy</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsy" />
</span>, whereas 38.2% have maturation arrest and 15.7% have hypospermatogenesis. The microTESE sperm retrieval rates in AZFc-deleted men range from 13-100% based on the 32 studies analyzed, with a mean sperm retrieval rate of 47%.Klinefelter syndrome<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalCondition">
        <span itemprop="name">Klinefelter syndrome</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinefelter_syndrome" />
</span> (KS) is a common disorder and almost every clinician in almost every sub-specialty of medicine will knowingly or unwittingly treat boys or men with a 47,XXY chromosomal constitution. Although there are numerous aspects of KS worthy of discussion<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">discussion</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation" />
</span>, this contribution will focus specifically on the controversial, and as yet unresolved, issue of whether it is advantageous to harvest testis tissue<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">tissue</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" />
</span> from peri-pubertal or adolescent boys with KS in a heroic<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">heroic</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero" />
</span> effort to preserve that child's chances of reproduction in his future adult life. What would be the rationale for that, how does the biology<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">biology</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" />
</span> of spermatogenesis in the Klinefelter testis impact that decision, and what does the data show? The answer, assembled from a selection of seemingly disparate sources and directions, appears to be "No". We do not have to advocate for an aggressive approach, we do not have to preemptively preserve future fertility<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">fertility</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility" />
</span>. We can justifiably wait until adulthood with equivalent chances of success.infertility affects nearly 50 million couples worldwide, with 40-50% of cases having a male factor component. It is well established that nutritional<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">nutritional</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition" />
</span> status impacts reproductive development, health and function, although the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. genetic variation that affects nutrient metabolism may impact fertility through nutrigenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of several dietary components (vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, folate<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Drug">
        <span itemprop="name">folate</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acid" />
</span>, betaine, choline<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">choline</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline" />
</span>, calcium<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">calcium</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium" />
</span>, iron<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">iron</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron" />
</span>, caffeine<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">caffeine</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" />
</span>, fiber<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">fiber</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber" />
</span>, sugar, dietary fat, and gluten) in male reproductive health. Evidence of gene-nutrient interactions and their potential effect on fertility is also examined. Understanding the relationship between genetic variation, nutrition and male fertility is key to developing personalized, DNA-based dietary recommendations to enhance the fertility of men who have difficulty conceiving.

NewPP limit report Cached time: 20250509153405 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: false CPU<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
        <span itemprop="name">CPU</span>
        <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit" />
</span> time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.

Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.

Retrieved from "https:// historydb.date/index.

Personal tools

• Create account
• Log in

Namespaces

• Main page
• Discussion

Views

• Read
• View source
• View history

• Main page
• Recent changes
• Random page
• Help